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Badmintonsearch for badminton sets and equipmentBadminton is a racquet sport played by either singles (two opposing players)
or doubles (two opposing pairs), who take positions on opposite halves
of a rectangular court that is divided by a net. Points are scored by
players striking a shuttlecock with their racquet so that it passes over
the net and lands in their opponents' half of the court. Badminton is an Olympic sport with five competitive disciplines: men's and women's singles, men's and women's doubles, and mixed doubles, in which each pair is a man and a woman. At high levels of play, the sport demands excellent fitness: players require aerobic stamina, strength, and speed. It is also a technical sport, requiring good motor coordination and the development of sophisticated racket skills.
ContentsHistory of Badminton (origin)Badminton Rules Badminton Equipment search for badminton sets and equipment
History of Badminton (origin)Forms of badminton can be traced back to ancient times; an early form of the sport was played in ancient Greece and Egypt. The related game Hanetsuki was played in Japan as early as the 16th century. In the west, badminton originated from a game called battledore and shuttlecock, in which two or more players keep a feathered shuttlecock in the air with small rackets. In India during the 18th century, the game was called "Poona", and British Army officers stationed there took a competitive Indian version back to England in the 1860's, where it was played at country houses as an upper class amusement. In 1860, a London toy dealer named Isaac Spratt, published a booklet, "Badminton Battledore - a new game", but unfortunately no copy is know to have survived.
The new sport was definitively launched in 1873 at the Badminton House,
Gloucestershire, which was owned by the Duke of Beaufort. During that time, the
game was referred to as "The Game of Badminton," and, the game's official
name became Badminton. Until 1887 the sport was played in England under
the rules that prevailed in India. The Bath Badminton Club standardized
the rules and made the game applicable to English ideas. From this, the basic regulations
were drawn up in 1887. In 1893, the Badminton Association of England
published the first set of rules according to these regulations, similar
to today's rules, and officially launched badminton in a house called
"Dunbar" at 6 Waverley Grove, Portsmouth, England on September 13 of that
year. They also started the All England Open Badminton Championships,
the first badminton competition in the world, in 1899. Badminton RulesThe following information is a simplified version of the Badminton rules (laws). These do not represent the complete detail of the rules. The definitive source of the Laws is the IBF Laws publication.Scoring system and serviceEach game is played up to 21 points, with players scoring a point whenever they win a rally (this differs from the old system which was modified in May 2006, where players could only win a point on their serve). A match is the best of three games.At the start of the rally, the server and receiver stand in diagonally opposite service courts (see court dimensions). The server hits the shuttlecock so that it would land in the receiver's service court. This is similar to tennis, except that a badminton serve must be hit from below the waist in underhand form (upwards), the shuttlecock is not allowed to bounce, and in tennis the players stand outside their service courts. In singles, the server stands in his right service court when his score is even, and in his left service court when his score is odd. In doubles, if the serving side wins a rally, the same player continues to serve, but he changes service courts so that he serves to each opponent in turn. When the serving side loses a rally, the serve passes to their opponents (unlike the old system, there is no "second serve"). If their new score is even, the player in the right service court serves; if odd, the player in the left service court serves. The players' service courts are determined by their positions at the start of the previous rally, not by where they were standing at the end of the rally. A consequence of this system is that, each time a side regain the service, the server will be the player who did not serve last time. When the server serves, the shuttlecock must pass over the service line or it will count as a fault. If the score reaches 20-all, then the game continues until one side gains a two point lead (such as 24-22), up to a maximum of 30 points (30-29 is a winning score). At the start of a match a coin is tossed. The winners of the coin toss may choose whether to serve or receive first, or they may choose which end of the court they wish to occupy. Their opponents make the remaining choice. In less formal settings, the coin toss is often replaced by hitting a shuttlecock into the air: whichever side it points to serves first. In subsequent games, the winners of the previous game serve first. For the first rally of any doubles game, the serving pair may decide who serves and the receiving pair may decide who receives. The players change ends at the start of the second game; if the match reaches a third game, they change ends both at the start of the game and when the leading pair's score reaches 11 points. The server and receiver must remain within their service courts, without touching the boundary lines, until the server strikes the shuttlecock. The other two players may stand wherever they wish, so long as they do not unsight the opposing server or receiver. FaultsPlayers win a rally by striking the shuttlecock onto the floor within the boundaries of their opponents' court. Players also win a rally if their opponents commit a fault. The most common fault in badminton is when the players fail to return the shuttlecock so that it passes over the net and lands inside their opponents' court, but there are also other ways that players may be faulted. The following information lists some of the more common faults.Several faults pertain specifically to service. A serving player shall be faulted if he strikes the shuttlecock from above his waist (defined as his lowest rib), or if his racket is not pointing downwards at the moment of impact. This particular law was modified in 2006: previously, the server's racket had to be pointing downwards to the extent that the racket head was below the hand holding the racket; now, any angle below the horizontal is acceptable. Neither the server nor the receiver may lift a foot until the shuttlecock has been struck by the server. The server must also initially hit the base (cork) of the shuttlecock, although he may afterwards also hit the feathers as part of the same stroke. This law was introduced to ban an extremely effective service style known as the S-serve or Sidek serve, which allowed the server to make the shuttlecock spin chaotically in flight. Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes back over the net; but during a single stroke movement, a player may contact a shuttlecock twice (this happens in some sliced shots). A player may not, however, hit the shuttlecock once and then hit it with a new movement, nor may he carry and sling the shuttlecock on his racket. It is a fault if the shuttlecock hits the ceiling. LetsIf a let is called, the rally is stopped and replayed with no change to the score. Lets may occur due to some unexpected disturbance such as a shuttlecock landing on court (having been hit there by players on an adjacent court).If the receiver is not ready when the service is delivered, a let shall be called; yet if the receiver makes any attempt to return the shuttlecock, he shall be judged to have been ready. There is no let if the shuttlecock hits the tape (even on service). Playing court dimensions:The official badminton court is rectangular and divided into halves by a net. Courts are almost always marked for both singles and doubles play, although the laws permit a court to be marked for singles only. The doubles court is wider than the singles court, but both are the same length. The exception, which often causes confusion to newer players is the doubles court has a shorter serve-length dimension.The full width of the court is 6.1 metres (20 ft), and in singles this width is reduced to 5.18 metres (17 ft). The full length of the court is 13.4 metres (44 ft). The service courts are marked by a centre line dividing the width of the court, by a short service line at a distance of 1.98 metres (6.5 ft) from the net, and by the outer side and back boundaries. In doubles, the service court is also marked by a long service line, which is 0.78 metres (2 ft 6 inch) from the back boundary. The net is 1.55 metres (5 ft 1 inch) high at the edges and 1.524 metres (5 ft) high in the centre. The net posts are placed over the doubles side lines, even when singles is played. Equipmentsearch for badminton sets and equipmentBadminton racket (or Badminton Racquet)Badminton rackets are light, with top quality rackets weighing between about 70 and 100 grams (without strings). They are composed of many different materials ranging from carbon fibre composite (graphite reinforced plastic) to solid steel, which may be augmented by a variety of materials. Carbon fibre has an excellent strength to weight ratio,
is stiff, and gives excellent kinetic energy transfer. Before the adoption
of carbon fibre composite, rackets were made of light metals such as aluminium.
Earlier still, rackets were made of wood. Cheap rackets are still often
made of metal, but wooden rackets are no longer manufactured for the ordinary
market, due to their excessive weight and cost.
There is a wide variety of racket designs, although the racket size and shape are limited by the Laws. Different rackets have playing characteristics that appeal to different players. The traditional oval head shape is still available, but an isometric head shape is increasingly common in new rackets. StringsBadminton strings are thin, high performing strings in the range of about 0.65 to 0.73 millimetres thickness. Thicker strings are more durable, but many players prefer the feel of thinner strings. String tension is normally in the range of 18 to 36 lbf (80 to 130 newtons). Recreational players generally string at lower tensions than professionals, typically between 18 and 25 lbf. Professionals string between about 25 and 36 lbf.It is often argued that high string tensions improve control, whereas low string tensions increase power. The arguments for this generally rely on crude mechanical reasoning, such as claiming that a lower tension stringbed is more bouncy and therefore provides more power. An alternative view suggests that the optimum tension for power depends on the player: the faster and more accurately a player can swing their racket, the higher the tension for maximum power. Neither view has been subjected to a rigorous mechanical analysis, nor is there clear evidence in favour of one or the other. The most effective way for a player to find a good string tension is to experiment. Playing at high string tensions can cause injury, depending on the player's ability: few amateur players can safely play above 30 lbf, and for most players even 25 lbf is too high. GripThe choice of grip allows a player to increase the thickness of his racket handle and choose a comfortable surface to hold. A player may build up the handle with one or several grips before applying the final layer.Players may choose between a variety of grip materials. The most common choices are PU synthetic grips or toweling grips. Grip choice is a matter of personal preference. Players often find that sweat becomes a problem; in this case, a drying agent may be applied to the grip or hands, or sweatbands may be used, or the player may choose another grip material or change his grip more frequently. There are two main types of grip: replacement grips and overgrips. Replacement grips are thicker, and are often used to increase the size of the handle. Overgrips are thinner (less than 1 mm), and are often used as the final layer. Many players, however, prefer to use replacement grips as the final layer. Toweling grips are always replacement grips. Replacement grips have an adhesive backing, whereas overgrips have only a small patch of adhesive at the start of the tape and must be applied under tension; overgrips are more convenient for players who change grips frequently, because they may be removed more rapidly without damaging the underlying material. ShuttlecockA shuttlecock (often abbreviated to shuttle and also known as a bird or birdie) is a high-drag projectile, with an open conical shape: the cone is formed from sixteen overlapping goose feathers embedded into a rounded cork base. The cork is covered with thin leather.Shuttles with a plastic skirt are often used by recreational players to reduce their costs: feathered shuttles break easily. ShoesBadminton shoes are lightweight with soles of rubber or similar high-grip, non-marking materials.Compared to running shoes, badminton shoes have little lateral support.
High levels of lateral support are useful for activities where lateral
motion is undesirable and unexpected. Badminton, however, requires powerful
lateral movements. A highly built-up lateral support will not be able
to protect the foot in badminton; instead, it will encourage catastrophic
collapse at the point where the shoe's support fails, and the player's
ankles are not ready for the sudden loading. For this reason, players
should choose badminton shoes rather than general trainers or running
shoes. Players should also ensure that they learn safe footwork, with
the knee and foot in alignment on all lunges.
Equipment Rules and Specifications:The Laws specify which equipment may be used. In particular, the Laws restrict the design and size of rackets and shuttlecocks. The Laws also provide for testing a shuttlecock for the correct speed:To test a shuttlecock, use a full underhand stroke which makes contact with the shuttlecock over the back boundary line. The shuttlecock shall be hit at an upward angle and in a direction parallel to the side lines. A shuttlecock of the correct speed will land not less than 530 mm and not more than 990 mm short of the other back boundary line.... search for badminton sets and equipment References^ Masters, James (1997). The Online Guide to Traditional Games.^ a b University of Southern Mississippi: The history of Badminton ^ History of Badminton - Founding of the BAE and Codification of Rules ^ The history of Badminton ^ History of Badminton - Badminton Rule - Badminton Court ^ IBF Laws of badminton 2006 ^ Badminton Central S-serve article ^ Badminton Central Guide to choosing Badminton Equipment
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A rally continues until the shuttlecock has struck the ground, and the shuttlecock may only
be struck once by each side before it passes over the net. The shuttlecock
is a feathered projectile whose unique aerodynamic properties cause it
to fly differently from the balls used in most racquet sports; in particular,
the feathers create much higher drag, causing the shuttlecock to decelerate
more rapidly than a ball. Because shuttlecock flight is strongly affected
by wind, competitive badminton is always played indoors. Badminton is
also played outdoors as a casual recreational activity, often as a garden
or beach game. |
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